Wolves and healthy tree seedlings

The beginning of this year started in the Eastern Carpathians with a winter almost as white and cold as it used to be historically. This is a relief after a series of muddy, brown, almost snowless winters.

The great majority of our tree seedlings survived without browsing damage. This might be partially due to the deer repellent applied to them, but also thanks to the wolves moving around both the Hasmas Mountain and Ciomad Mountain planting sites (Eastern Carpathians).

Their footprints, deer carcasses, and parts of dead deer indicate the presence of wolves.

Oak seedling on the Ciomad mountain in the deep snow.

Spruce (Picea abies) planted in the Hasmas Mountain.

Beech (Fagus sylvatica) seedling in the Hasmas Mountain

Wolf footprints

Remains of a roe deer (with crow footprints around it) in the Hasmas Mountain - probably killed by wolves

Wolf footprints in the Hasmas Mountains.